Descriptive statistics and correlation evaluation
Desk 1 Presents descriptive statistics and correlations. Skewness values between 0.38 and − 0.36 and kurtosis values between − 0.01 and − 0.46 confirmed that the normality assumption was met [36]. Future nervousness had a constructive affiliation with pessimism (r = .28, p < .001), and a damaging affiliation with optimism (r = − .38, p < .001), constructive feelings (r = − .41, p < .001), engagement (r = − .28, p < .001), constructive relationships (r = − .32, p < .001), which means (r = − .31, p < .001) and accomplishment (r = − .29, p < .001). Optimism had a constructive affiliation with constructive feelings (r = .54, p < .001), engagement (r = .48, p < .001), constructive relationships (r = .46, p < .001), which means (r = .53, p < .001) and accomplishment (r = .49, p < .001), and pessimism had a damaging affiliation with constructive feelings (r = − .45, p < .001), engagement (r = − .41, p < .001), constructive relationships (r = − .37, p < .001), which means (r = − .37, p < .001) and accomplishment (r = − .38, p < .001).
Mannequin testing
Desk 2 presents the outcomes of the mediation analyses. After controlling gender, age, college and division, the findings confirmed that future nervousness considerably predicted optimism (β = − 0.36, p < .001), pessimism (β = 0.27, p < .001), constructive feelings (β = − 0.20, p < .001), engagement (β = − 0.10, p < .001), constructive relationships (β = − 0.16, p < .001), which means (β = − 0.14, p < .001) and accomplishment (β = − 0.11, p < .001). Optimism considerably predicted constructive feelings (β = 0.36, p < .001), engagement (β = 0.38, p < .001), constructive relationships (β = 0.36, p < .001), which means (β = 0.47, p < .001) and accomplishment (β = 0.41, p < .001). Pessimism considerably predicted constructive feelings (β = − 0.26, p < .001), engagement (β = − 0.27, p < .001), constructive relationships (β = − 0.21, p < .001), which means (β = − 0.19, p < .001) and accomplishment (β = − 0.23, p < .001). Future nervousness, optimism and pessimism defined 39% of the variance in constructive feelings, 29% of the variance in engagement, 27% of the variance in constructive relationships, 32% of the variance in which means and 29% of the variance in accomplishment.
Desk 3 presents oblique, direct and complete results. Future nervousness had a direct impact on constructive feelings (impact = − 0.20, [-0.25, − 0.14]), and an oblique impact on constructive feelings by way of optimism (impact = − 0.13, [-0.16, − 0.10]) and pessimism (impact = − 0.07, [-0.09, − 0.04]). Future nervousness had a direct impact on engagement (impact = − 0.10, [-0.16, − 0.03]), and an oblique impact on engagement by way of optimism (impact = − 0.14, [-0.18, − 0.10]) and pessimism (impact = − 0.07, [-0.10, − 0.05]). Future nervousness had a direct impact on constructive relationships (impact = − 0.16, [-0.22, − 0.10]), and an oblique impact on constructive relationships by way of optimism (impact = − 0.13, [-0.17, − 0.10]) and pessimism (impact = − 0.06, [-0.08, − 0.03]). Future nervousness had a direct impact on which means (impact = − 0.14, [-0.20, − 0.08]), and an oblique impact on which means by way of optimism (impact = − 0.17, [-0.22, − 0.13]) and pessimism (impact = − 0.05, [-0.07, − 0.03]). Future nervousness had a direct impact on accomplishment (impact = − 0.11, [-0.17, − 0.04]), and an oblique impact on accomplishment by way of optimism (impact = − 0.15, [-0.19, − 0.11]) and pessimism (impact = − 0.06, [-0.09, − 0.04]).
In sum, correlation evaluation outcomes indicated the constructive correlation between future nervousness and pessimism, and the damaging correlations between future nervousness and optimism and PERMA well-being. The findings additionally demonstrated that as the extent of optimism elevated, well-being improved, whereby a rise in pessimism was related to a decline in well-being. After controlling gender, age, college and division, the outcomes of the parallel mediation evaluation revealed that future nervousness had a big predictive impact on optimism, pessimism, and PERMA well-being, whereas optimism and pessimism had a big predictive impact on PERMA well-being. It was additionally decided that optimism and pessimism acted as parallel mediators within the impact of future nervousness on PERMA well-being.
