Analysis on the affect of physique picture on school college students’ weight-loss intention: chained middleman evaluation of self-efficacy and vanity

Introduction

Physique picture refers to a person’s cognitive image of their bodily look, comprising each goal perceptions and subjective evaluations of varied bodily traits. This multifaceted cognitive image encompasses dimensions akin to look, physique form, bodily talents, and general well being situation. Importantly, the extent of self-awareness concerning physique picture is understood to considerably affect emotional states and health-related behaviors, akin to weight management, social adaptation, stress administration, private improvement, and interpersonal interactions (Wang et al., 2017). In as we speak’s world with extremely developed on-line media, folks typically concentrate on their very own physique form and look, whereas simply overlooking their well being. Extreme publicity to types like “slender figures” and “excellent our bodies” publicized by media can result in low physique satisfaction. It’s exactly due to this decline in physique satisfaction that numerous weight-loss ideas emerge. Thus, some folks might even resort to unhealthy weight-loss strategies to enhance detrimental physique picture. On this case, the chance of persistent illnesses and psychological issues is elevated (Wei et al., 2012; Gillen, 2015; Andrew et al., 2016; Solar et al., 2017).

Weight-loss intention refers to numerous motivations that people derive when dissatisfied with their physique form such because the motivation to drop pounds by train, weight-reduction plan, or present process liposuction surgical procedure at a beauty clinic (Huang et al., 2014; Lin and Lin, 2016). Related research have discovered a powerful correlation between particular person physique satisfaction and weight-loss intention. The extra optimistic one’s physique picture, the decrease their diploma of weight-loss intention. Conversely, people dissatisfied with their physique picture or holding detrimental perceptions usually tend to provoke weight-loss intention and behaviors (Solar et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2019). Weight-loss behaviors come from weight-loss motivations and intention, each of that are then influenced by people’ cognitive processes, evaluations, and attitudes towards themselves. Individuals with larger weight-loss motivation and intention usually tend to undertake excessive weight-loss strategies and are at better danger of exacerbating consuming dysfunction signs (Ouyang et al., 2023). In line with problem-behavior idea, a person’s conduct ought to be studied from a developmental perspective and thru the interplay of character, setting, and conduct methods. A person might exhibit totally different behaviors primarily based on their setting, and equally, the setting might have totally different results on conduct relying on the person (Jessor, 1987). Latest researches (Annesi, 2018; Hopkins and Bennett, 2018; Robertson et al., 2020) have identified that self-efficacy influences weight-loss intention, with larger self-efficacy related to decrease weight-loss intention, whereas decrease self-efficacy related to larger weight-loss intention. Self-efficacy refers to 1’s subjective prediction of their talents to perform a selected process. It additionally represents the tendency for people to guage and really feel whether or not their actions can obtain a sure objective. It consists of three meanings: firstly, it belongs to the class of potential notion however isn’t equal to precise talents; secondly, it includes expectations about whether or not a selected objective will be achieved earlier than participating in an exercise; thirdly, it means a subjective judgment of 1’s potential to achieve a objective (Ouyang et al., 2020). In the meantime, some students have proposed that optimistic physique picture can successfully improve self-efficacy, which in flip can mitigate and scale back the diploma of weight-loss intention (Annesi and Mareno, 2015; Pan and Peña, 2017; Talleyrand et al., 2017; Soheila et al., 2018; Ouyang et al., 2021). This appears to have proved that physique picture might exert an affect on weight-loss intention by self-efficacy, probably indicating an middleman position of self-efficacy between physique picture and weight-loss intention.

Moreover, modern school college students are notably inclined to internalizing the best “skinny” physique form promoted by the media and the related values. This makes them extra more likely to develop detrimental self-evaluations of their look, tending to view themselves as objects of others’ judgment, and neglecting their self-worth and inside emotions, which in flip results in decreased vanity (Ouyang et al., 2021). Vanity refers to 1’s optimistic or detrimental attitudes towards themselves, which will be each complete and particular (Hülya et al., 2006). One might consider qualities of its personal individually, or combine these qualities to offer an general evaluation. Subsequently, vanity is an emotional evaluation that people make about themselves, serving as an important indicator of whether or not well being behaviors shall be applied. What’s extra, it correlates effectively with the diploma of weight-loss intention. People with decrease vanity typically undergo from despair and nervousness, resulting in a rise in weight-loss intention (Zhu et al., 2005; Margaret et al., 2017; Peng et al., 2017; Kamody et al., 2018). Primarily based on related research, physique picture is a big issue influencing vanity amongst school college students, with a optimistic predictive impact. In comparison with school college students with larger ranges of physique picture, these with decrease ranges are inclined to spend extra time on their our bodies and evaluating themselves with others. This conduct contributes to detrimental feelings and a lower in vanity, thereby rising weight-loss intentions amongst school college students (Kamody et al., 2018; Ouyang et al., 2020). Moreover, vanity is influenced by social values, the diploma of significance connected to sure issues, and the evaluations people obtain. Extreme social publicity of very best physique will strengthen school college students’ concentrate on physique form, resulting in an imbalance of their expectations of their our bodies after which leading to detrimental feelings and low vanity (Klomsten et al., 2004; Borges et al., 2010; Lian, 2012; Koronczai et al., 2013), driving a rise in weight-loss intention (Yigiter, 2014). Consequently, physique picture can affect weight-loss intention by vanity. To probably scale back weight-loss intention amongst school college students, it is very important each promote a wholesome physique picture and deal with the development of vanity ranges. This implies that vanity might play an middleman position between physique picture and weight-loss intention. On the identical time, different research have proven that self-efficacy has a optimistic affect on the vanity, which suggests people with larger self-efficacy are inclined to have stronger confidence (Cao and Zhang, 2018; Liao et al., 2019). Though self-efficacy primarily emphasizes a person’s analysis of their very own talents and vanity pertains to the analysis of self-worth, enhancing self-efficacy may also help improve a way of management, thereby bettering self-evaluation. Subsequently, a rise in self-efficacy can improve vanity. Additional research (Nock et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2023; Pyykkö et al., 2023) have demonstrated that as people’ self-efficacy improves, their vanity is more likely to improve, which in flip reduces weight-loss intention.

In conclusion, physique picture, self-efficacy, and vanity are all important components influencing weight-loss intention, with every of those components being necessary detrimental predictors of weight-loss intention. Physique picture can successfully improve school college students’ self-efficacy and vanity, thereby decreasing their weight-loss intention. Furthermore, there’s a optimistic correlation between self-efficacy and vanity. This will point out that optimistic physique picture of school college students can improve self-efficacy, resulting in the event of secure vanity. Might this be a key think about inhibiting weight-loss intention? Nevertheless, earlier analysis has not often explored the connection between “physique picture + self-efficacy + vanity + weight-loss intention,” notably the shortage of in-depth investigation into whether or not a series mediating mechanism exists between “self-efficacy + vanity.” Primarily based on this, our analysis constructs a series mediation mannequin of physique picture, self-efficacy, vanity, and weight-loss intention, and integrates physique picture, self-efficacy, and vanity as character methods to look at their results on weight-loss intention, to disclose the related mechanisms affecting weight-loss intention of school college students and higher promote the event of wholesome and assured habits amongst school college students, thus offering sensible references for enhancing their bodily and psychological well being. Subsequently, the next hypotheses are proposed: (1) self-efficacy mediates physique picture and weight-loss intention; (2) vanity mediates physique picture and weight-loss intention; and (3) self-efficacy and vanity act as a series mediator between physique picture and weight-loss intention.

Topics and strategies

Topics

The survey was carried out with college students enrolled in a complete college in western China. First, the scholars have been categorized based on topic classes and grades, after which 1,000 college students have been randomly chosen. With the assistance of bodily schooling lecturers and school counselors and the approval of the Ethics Committee, the chosen topics have been investigated anonymously. A complete of 1,000 questionnaires have been distributed, and 887 legitimate questionnaires have been recovered. The efficient restoration price of the questionnaire was 88.7%. The essential pattern data is as follows (proven in Desk 1): the individuals embody 472 male college students and 415 feminine college students with a median age of 20.91 ± 1.39 years, top of 172.19 ± 8.08 cm, weight of 65.88 ± 11.36 kg, and Physique Mass Index (BMI) of twenty-two.13 ± 2.92. This efficient restoration price was 82%. Amongst them, there are 234 freshmen, 322 sophomores, 245 juniors, and 197 seniors. The person BMI values have been transformed based on BMI formulation: BMI = weight (kilograms)/top (sq. meters). In line with school college students’ bodily health BMI commonplace revealed by the Ministry of Schooling (Chen et al., 2019), the authors divided them into three teams by BMI: light-weight group (BMI < 20 kg/m²) with 217 samples, normal-weight group (BMI = 20–25 kg/m²) with 486 samples, and chubby group (BMI > 25 kg/m²) with 184 samples.

Analysis strategies

Questionnaire survey

It is a descriptive research with a structured questionnaire because the analysis device, and all knowledge are obtained from questionnaires. To make sure the preciseness and effectiveness of the analysis, a two-stage questionnaire survey strategy was employed. Particularly, the process concerned producing a preliminary draft primarily based on the content material of the analysis and the reference to a lot of analysis paperwork. Subsequently, a small-scale survey involving 200 individuals was carried out, throughout which normality distribution, reliability evaluation, and exploratory issue evaluation have been examined. Gadgets with minimal contribution have been eradicated, adopted by structural mannequin validation. Lastly, the questionnaire is split into 5 elements.

1. Private background data: This part covers the fundamental background data on the topic’s gender, grade, top, weight, BMI, and so on.

2. Physique picture scale: Primarily refers back to the Multidimensional Physique-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) edited by Money et al. with a complete of 37 gadgets (Money et al., 1990). The dimensions is compiled by the Likert five-point scale. The choices “Completely Agree,” “Very Agree,” “Not Certain,” “Very Disagree,” and “Completely Disagree” rely as 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 scores, respectively. The upper the full scores, the extra optimistic is the perceived physique picture. The verification outcomes of the measurement mannequin of the dimensions are as follows: the parameter values of X²/DF = 1.539; Adjusted Goodness-of-Match Index (AGFI), Comparative Match Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Incremental Match Index (IFI), Goodness-of-Match Index (GFI), and Root Imply Sq. Error of Approximation (RMSEA) are 0.945, 0.981, 0.987, 0.971, 0.976, and 0.049, respectively, which meets the appropriate requirements and reveals that the mannequin suits effectively with the information obtained from the survey, and the dimensions has construction validity. The three dimensions are composed of bodily health analysis, weight concern, look adaptation, look analysis, and well being analysis. Cronbach’s α values of the whole-body picture scale and all its dimensions are better than 0.70 (0.79–0.91), which absolutely confirms the great reliability of the dimensions. Subsequently, the physique picture scale has good reliability and validity.

3. Self-efficacy scale: Primarily refers back to the Normal Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) complied by Wang et al. (2001) with a complete of 10 questions. The choices “Completely Unsuitable,” “Mainly Proper,” “Virtually Proper,” and “Completely Proper” rely as 1, 2, 3, and 4 scores, respectively. The upper the full scores, the higher is the final self-efficacy of a person. The verification outcomes of the measurement mannequin of the dimensions are as follows: the parameter values of X²/DF = 1.609; AGFI, CFI, TLI, IFI, GFI, and RMSEA are 0.931, 0.928, 0.962, 0.954, 0.946, and 0.036, respectively, which meets the appropriate requirements and reveals that the dimensions has construction validity. Cronbach’s α values of the entire self-efficacy scale are equal to 0.82, which absolutely confirms the great reliability of the dimensions. Subsequently, the self-efficacy scale has good reliability and validity.

4. Vanity scale: Primarily refers back to the Vanity Scale complied by Rosenberg (Tian, 2006), and translated and revised to get 10 questions lastly. The 4 choices from “Completely Disagree,” to “Completely Agree” rely as 1 to 4 scores, respectively, by which questions 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 are reversed questions and shall be scored in reverse. The verification outcomes of the measurement mannequin of the dimensions are as follows: the parameter values of X²/DF = 1.639; AGFI, CFI, TLI, IFI, GFI, and RMSEA are0.943, 0.991, 0.980, 0.991, 0.979, and 0.051, respectively, which meets the appropriate requirements and reveals that the dimensions has construction validity. The 2 dimensions are composed of self-acceptance and self-negation. Cronbach’s α values of the entire vanity scale and all its dimensions are better than 0.70 (0.74–0.80), which absolutely confirms the great reliability of the dimensions. Subsequently, the vanity scale has good reliability and validity.

5. Weight-loss intention scale: The load-loss motivation subscale within the consuming dysfunction stock (EDI) tailored from Garner et al. (1983), with a further assertion from the creator (“I’m prepared to drop pounds”), totaling 6 questions. The topic expressed his/her weight-loss intention by scoring Likert five-level interval scale (5 = Strongly agree: 1 = Strongly disagree). The upper the rating was, the stronger the weight-loss intention could be represented. The verification outcomes of the measurement mannequin of the dimensions are as follows: the parameter values of X²/DF = 1.561; AGFI, CFI, TLI, IFI, GFI, and RMSEA are 0.997, 0.994, 0.981, 0.992, 0.997, and 0.026, respectively, which meets the appropriate requirements and reveals that the dimensions has construction validity. Cronbach’s α values of the entire weight-loss intention scale are 0.73, which absolutely confirms the great reliability of the dimensions. Subsequently, the weight-loss intention scale has good reliability and validity.

Statistical evaluation

Knowledge obtained on this research was analyzed utilizing SPSS19.0 and AMOS 21.0 software program packages. The statistical strategies included descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov check, reliability evaluation, exploratory issue evaluation, Harman single issue check, correlation evaluation, structural equation mannequin, Bootstrap evaluation, and so on. The importance degree of all variables was set as α = 0.05.

To make sure the rigor of the analysis, earlier than knowledge evaluation started, it was essential to check the traditional distribution of all variables within the pre-test and formal check. Through the use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov Take a look at, it was decided that each one the continual variables within the pre-test and regular check conformed to a standard distribution (All of the p values have been considerably larger than 0.05).

This analysis makes use of Harman single-factor check to check the attainable frequent methodology biases. The outcomes present that the attribute roots of a complete of 14 components are better than 1, amongst which the biggest issue defined variance is 21.11%, removed from the vital commonplace of 40%. The analysis is much less more likely to be affected by frequent methodology biases, which is throughout the acceptable vary.

Outcomes

Associated evaluation on school college students’ physique picture, self-efficacy, vanity, and weight-loss intention

Pearson correlation was used to research the correlation coefficients amongst physique picture, vanity, self-efficacy, and weight-loss intention (see Desk 2). The outcomes present that within the construction of bodily health analysis, look adaptation, look analysis, weight concern, well being analysis, and vanity, self-acceptance and self-negation are positively correlated. Moreover, on this construction each self-acceptance and self-negation are all positively correlated with self-efficacy. Nevertheless, self-acceptance and self-negation are all negatively correlated with weight-loss intention, whereas self-efficacy is inversely correlated with weight-loss intention. Moreover, correlation analyses between demographic variables and analysis variables reveal that gender, grade, and BMI present no important correlations with the variables of this analysis. Subsequently, they aren’t managed for within the speculation testing course of. The outcomes of the correlation analyses present the inspiration for testing subsequent hypotheses.

Mannequin validation evaluation of school college students’ physique picture, self-efficacy, vanity, and weight-loss intention

To research the connection between physique picture and vanity, self-efficacy, and weight-loss intention and study the middleman position of vanity and self-efficacy and based on the middleman impact testing course of proposed by Wen and Ye (2014), this analysis adopts AMOS to make a structural equation mannequin evaluation on the connection amongst physique picture, self-efficacy, vanity, and weight-loss intention. Take for instance Determine 1 after the mannequin has been modified, and the mannequin match indexes are: X²/DF = 1.304 < 2.000, CFI = 0.998, GFI = 0.994, AGFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.995, and IFI = 0.998, all of that are >0.900 and RMSEA = 0.019 < 0.080, exhibiting that the mannequin will be constructed up.

From the findings, it’s evident that from the standardized path coefficient β and significance degree within the blended mannequin construction in Determine 1 that physique picture has a considerably optimistic predictive impact on self-efficacy and weight-loss intention (β = 0.36^***, p < 0.001; β = 0.33^***, p < 0.001), whereas physique picture has a considerably detrimental predictive impact on weight-loss intention (β = −0.12^**, p < 0.01). Moreover, each self-efficacy and vanity exhibit important detrimental predictive results on weight reduction intentions (β = −0.19^***, p < 0.001; β = −0.36^***, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, self-efficacy positively predicts vanity considerably (β = −0.30^***, p < 0.001). To confirm the middleman impact of self-efficacy and vanity on physique picture and weight-loss intention, the analysis adopts a non-parametric percentile Bootstrap course of to make a significance check on middleman impact. 5 thousand samples have been taken repeatedly from the unique knowledge to calculate a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). If the standardized path coefficient 95% CI doesn’t embody 0, which means the middleman impact is important. The 95% CI of the chained middleman impact of physique picture from self-efficacy, vanity, to weight-loss intention is from −0.049 to −0.020; that of physique picture from self-efficacy to weight-loss intention is from −0.099 to −0.047; that of physique picture from vanity to weight-loss intention is from −0.152 to −0.076. The three intervals talked about earlier don’t embody 0, which reveals every middleman impact is important. Additional decomposing the consequences of every variable on weight-loss intention, as proven in Desk 3, the direct impact of physique picture on weight-loss intention is −0.120. The whole middleman impact (−0.226) is the sum of the middleman results of the three paths, which represents the full oblique impact. The sum of the direct impact and the full middleman impact is the full impact, which is −0.346. The impact sizes of the three middleman paths on this analysis are calculated by dividing every middleman impact worth by the full impact. They’re 10.98, 19.94, and 34.39%, respectively.

Dialogue

Affect of physique picture on weight-loss intention

This analysis finds that physique picture has a considerably detrimental predictive impact on weight-loss intention. This end result signifies that people with extra optimistic physique picture are inclined to have decrease weight-loss intention, which is in keeping with the findings of students akin to Solar et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). Associated analysis means that school college students are simply uncovered to social and cultural strain and have a tendency to internalize the best pictures promoted by the media, utilizing these media requirements as their very own. Extreme publicity to very best physique picture can result in decrease physique picture satisfaction. Those that don’t meet these requirements are more likely to develop various levels of weight-loss intention and have interaction in weight-loss behaviors (e.g., weight-reduction plan, taking weight-loss merchandise, extreme train) to adapt to those requirements (Hou and Lu, 2008; Wei et al., 2012; Kvardova et al., 2020; Marks et al., 2020). As well as, influenced by components akin to household, friends, and media, weight-loss behaviors have turn out to be a pattern and trend. Slim and slender figures are extremely favored and acknowledged by adolescents, main them to undertake numerous weight-loss strategies in pursuit of the best slim physique form. Nevertheless, unreasonable weight-loss strategies may cause each bodily and psychological hurt to adolescents. Moreover, some students argue that adolescents are inclined to have a cognitive bias between precise physique weight and very best physique weight. They typically understand their precise physique weight to be heavier than their very best physique weight, resulting in a heightened concentrate on look and the pursuit of a rational slim physique form and physique picture. This finally ends in a lower in adolescents’ physique picture and a rise in weight problems nervousness (Solar et al., 2013; Cao et al., 2014; Huang and Liu, 2019). Liu et al. (2019) additionally believed that physique picture can negatively predict the diploma of weight-loss intention amongst school college students. The decrease school college students’ satisfaction with their physique picture, the upper their weight-loss intention. Subsequently, physique picture is a crucial issue influencing the diploma of weight-loss intention amongst school college students, and there’s a detrimental predictive impact between physique picture and weight-loss intention.

Middleman impact of self-efficacy

This analysis finds that physique picture has a big optimistic impact on self-efficacy. This end result signifies that individuals with extra optimistic physique picture are inclined to have larger self-efficacy, whereas these with extra detrimental physique picture are inclined to have decrease self-efficacy. This result’s principally in keeping with the findings of the analysis of Stockton et al. (2009) and Ouyang et al. (2020). In the meantime, research have additionally confirmed that school college students’ physique picture can positively predict the extent of self-efficacy, and the extra optimistic the physique picture of school college students, the upper their self-efficacy (Wu et al., 2006; Annesi, 2019). This research additionally finds that self-efficacy has a big detrimental impact on the weight-loss intention, which signifies that the upper the self-efficacy of school college students, the decrease the weight-loss intention. Certainly, it proves the analysis findings of Annesi, Hopkins and Robertson that there’s a important detrimental correlation between self-efficacy and weight-loss intention, with school college students who’ve larger self-efficacy tending to have decrease weight-loss intention, and people with decrease self-efficacy tending to have larger weight-loss intention (Annesi, 2018; Hopkins and Bennett, 2018; Robertson et al., 2020). This research additionally finds that physique picture can negatively have an effect on weight-loss intention each immediately and not directly by the middleman impact of self-efficacy, indicating {that a} optimistic physique picture can improve one’s cognitive analysis of their physique, thus selling self-efficacy amongst school college students (Zhang et al., 2015). As self-efficacy will increase, people are inclined to have extra optimistic self-evaluations, successfully bettering school college students’ perceptions and evaluations of their very own physique picture, resulting in elevated self-acceptance and subsequently decreasing weight-loss intention (Annesi and Mareno, 2015; Pan and Peña, 2017; Talleyrand et al., 2017; Soheila et al., 2018; Ouyang et al., 2021). Subsequently, physique picture can affect weight-loss intention by self-efficacy.

In conclusion, mixed with the Bootstrap check program for middleman impact, the primary speculation that self-efficacy performs an middleman position between physique picture and weight-loss intention is true. Subsequently, with the intention to promote the right and optimistic physique picture, school college students can’t solely immediately enhance their weight-loss intention, but in addition not directly have an effect on their weight-loss intention by rising self-efficacy.

Middleman impact of vanity

This analysis finds that physique picture has a big optimistic impact on vanity, indicating that the extra positively people understand their physique picture, the upper their vanity tends to be, and vice versa. That is in keeping with the findings of Borges, Guo, Peng, and Zheng: physique picture has a big optimistic predictive impact on vanity (Borges et al., 2010; Guo et al., 2017; Peng et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2019). Students akin to Kamody, Koronczai, Leng and Zhang argue that adolescent physique picture is an important issue influencing vanity (Koronczai et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2015; Kamody et al., 2018; Leng et al., 2020). Furthermore, physique picture serves as a dependable predictor of each bodily self and vanity. Optimistic physique picture tends to be related to a heightened sense of physique worth and optimistic feelings, which may improve adolescents’ vanity, confidence, and self-acceptance. Conversely, detrimental physique picture is linked to a diminished sense of physique worth and excessive depressive feelings, resulting in decrease vanity, insecurity, and self-negation. Moreover, school college students usually tend to be influenced by societal values, the significance they place on sure points, and evaluations. Extreme societal promotion of very best physique requirements will increase their concentrate on physique form, resulting in an imbalance between their physique expectations and actuality, leading to detrimental feelings and low vanity (Christine et al., 2020; Ouyang et al., 2023). This research additionally finds a big detrimental affect of vanity on weight-loss intention. People with low vanity are inclined to pay extra consideration to their physique form, resulting in stronger weight-loss intentions. Conversely, these with excessive vanity really feel extra assured and acceptive of their physique form, leading to lowered weight-loss intention. These analysis outcomes have simply proved these of Bruin, Lai, and Lei, who counsel that vanity is an emotional analysis people have of themselves, serving as an important think about predicting the implementation of well being behaviors (Lei et al., 2005; Lai et al., 2006; Bruin et al., 2009). Analysis additionally means that vanity is an important think about mitigating weight-loss intention amongst school college students. These with excessive vanity are extra assured of their physique form, which reduces their weight-loss intention, whereas these with low vanity are much less assured and thus have a stronger weight-loss intention. Subsequently, the extent of vanity in school college students can successfully replicate the diploma of their weight-loss intention (Margaret et al., 2017; Cao and Zhang, 2018; Kamody et al., 2018; Christine et al., 2020; Selensky and Carels, 2021). This research additionally finds that physique picture can not directly affect weight-loss intention by the middleman impact of vanity. Klomsten and Lian agree that physique picture is essentially the most highly effective predictor of general vanity that in flip negatively impacts weight-loss intention (Lian, 2012; Koronczai et al., 2013). In the meantime, analysis has additionally confirmed that an rising variety of school college students, resulting from dissatisfaction with their physique form, typically expertise despair, nervousness, and detrimental physique picture, which results in a lower in vanity. This dissatisfaction drives them to change their physique picture to align with present esthetic requirements, thereby rising their weight-loss intention (Yigiter, 2014). Conversely, school college students with a extra optimistic physique picture usually have larger vanity and decrease weight-loss intention (Margaret et al., 2017; Peng et al., 2017; Christine et al., 2020; Selensky and Carels, 2021). Subsequently, physique picture can affect weight-loss intention by vanity.

In conclusion, mixed with the Bootstrap check program for middleman impact, the second speculation that vanity performs an middleman position between physique picture and weight-loss intention is true. Optimistic physique picture amongst school college students can improve vanity, and secure vanity performs an important position in inhibiting weight-loss intention. Subsequently, along with immediately bettering weight-loss intention, physique picture can even not directly affect them by rising vanity.

Chained middleman impact of self-efficacy and vanity

This analysis reveals by the outcomes of the Bootstrap check program for the middleman impact that physique picture can have an effect on school college students’ weight-loss intention by self-efficacy, which impacts by a part of the middleman impact of vanity. This verifies Speculation 3 that self-efficacy and vanity play a chained middleman position between physique picture and weight-loss intention, exhibiting that people with decrease physique picture usually tend to have decrease self-efficacy, resulting in decrease vanity and even self-negation in selling the faculty college students’ weight-loss intention. Quite the opposite, people with larger physique picture have a tendency to boost self-efficacy amongst school college students, thereby boosting vanity and fostering a stronger self-acceptance, which in flip can successfully suppress weight-loss intention amongst school college students. As earlier analysis has already confirmed, each self-efficacy and vanity function mediators between physique picture and weight-loss intention. Moreover, earlier research have proved the correlation between self-efficacy and vanity, indicating that larger ranges of self-efficacy positively affect a person’s vanity, whereas decrease ranges of self-efficacy might hinder it (Wang et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2021). Moreover, students have discovered (Nock et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2023; Pyykkö et al., 2023) that as school college students’ self-efficacy will increase, it positively promotes their vanity, which in flip reduces weight-loss intention. This helps the truth that an enchancment in physique picture amongst school college students can improve their self-efficacy, resulting in stronger vanity and a subsequent discount in weight-loss intention. Conversely, a decline in physique picture has the other impact. Subsequently, school college students’ physique picture negatively impacts their weight-loss intention by the chain mediation impact of self-efficacy and vanity.

In conclusion, physique picture can immediately affect weight-loss intention, in addition to not directly affect them by the middleman results of self-efficacy, vanity, and the chained middleman impact of self-efficacy and vanity. These findings present theoretical foundations for establishing a optimistic physique picture amongst school college students. In the meantime, they provide necessary sensible insights for selling self-efficacy and vanity, and decreasing unhealthy weight-loss behaviors amongst school college students.

Conclusion and limitation

Conclusion

Physique picture has a considerably optimistic correlation on self-efficacy and vanity, and has a considerably detrimental correlation on weight-loss intention; self-efficacy has a considerably optimistic correlation on vanity, and has a considerably detrimental correlation on weight-loss intention, and vanity has a considerably optimistic correlation on weight-loss intention; in the meantime, self-efficacy and vanity can have an middleman impact on physique picture and weight-loss intention, and “self-efficacy + vanity” even have a chained middleman impact on physique picture and weight-loss intention.

Limitation

There are nonetheless some limitations on this research. Firstly, this research is cross-sectional, which means it can’t decide causal relationships between variables or set up temporal order. In comparison with longitudinal knowledge, this strategy would possibly result in totally different estimates and conclusions. Subsequently, future analysis may use longitudinal monitoring research to discover clearer causal relationships between variables and deal with these points, aiding in additional testing of the chain mediation mannequin proposed on this research. Secondly, this research didn’t particularly display screen school college students for weight problems (whether or not they’re in search of remedy), depressive signs, or consuming issues, however it’s hoped that future analysis can purpose to handle these limitations to offer a extra complete understanding. Lastly, quite a few components affect undergraduates’ weight-loss intention. The results of physique picture, self-efficacy and vanity on weight-loss intention are the one ones that are thought-about on this research. It’s hoped that extra exterior or psychological components are supported for use to discover the load loss challenge of undergraduates sooner or later, in goal to assist them develop wholesome and assured life.

Knowledge availability assertion

The unique contributions offered within the research are included within the article/supplementary materials, additional inquiries will be directed to the corresponding creator.

Ethics assertion

The research involving people have been authorized by the Ethics Committee of Southwest College Hospital. The research have been carried out in accordance with the native laws and institutional necessities. The individuals offered their written knowledgeable consent to take part on this research. Written knowledgeable consent was obtained from the person(s) for the publication of any probably identifiable pictures or knowledge included on this article.

Creator contributions

OY: Writing – authentic draft, Writing – evaluation & enhancing. XX: Writing – authentic draft, Writing – evaluation & enhancing. LJ: Writing – authentic draft, Writing – evaluation & enhancing. ZY: Writing – authentic draft, Writing – evaluation & enhancing.

Funding

The creator(s) declare that monetary assist was acquired for the analysis, authorship, and/or publication of this text. This research was supported by the Planning Mission of Humanities and Social Sciences Granted by Chongqing Schooling Fee of China (23SKGH110), and the Scientific Analysis Mission Granted by Chongqing Sports activities Bureau of China (A202323).

Battle of curiosity

The authors declare that the analysis was carried out within the absence of any industrial or monetary relationships that could possibly be construed as a possible battle of curiosity.

Writer’s be aware

All claims expressed on this article are solely these of the authors and don’t essentially signify these of their affiliated organizations, or these of the writer, the editors and the reviewers. Any product which may be evaluated on this article, or declare which may be made by its producer, isn’t assured or endorsed by the writer.

References